Weidong  Liu , Xiaoya  Wang , Liqing Chen

Tropical Marine Fisheries Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol. 14, No. 5   
Received: 05 Aug., 2024    Accepted: 15 Sep., 2024    Published: 18 Oct., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study provides an overview of the nutritional requirements of common carp, including protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. It explores strategies to promote carp growth through the use of alternative protein sources, optimization of feed conversion ratios, and the inclusion of digestibility enhancers. Additionally, the study delves into the environmental impacts of feed, proposing effective strategies to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus pollution as well as lower the carbon footprint. Case studies, such as the use of plant-based feeds in China and the integration of insect meal in Europe, demonstrate successful sustainable practices in carp aquaculture. Technological advancements, including precision nutrition, machine learning, and smart feeding systems, are identified as key factors for future development. This study focuses on optimizing feed formulations in common carp aquaculture to enhance growth and environmental sustainability.

Common carp aquaculture; Feed optimization; Environmental sustainability; Alternative protein Sources; Precision nutrition