Peiming Xu¹ , Lingfei Jin²

1 Aquatic Biology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
2 Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 3   
Received: 28 Apr., 2025    Accepted: 30 May, 2025    Published: 17 Jun., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

As globally important economic aquaculture species, the growth and reproductive capacities of shrimp directly determine the efficiency and sustainability of the industry. In recent years, the rapid advancement of genomics and multi-omics technologies has provided critical support for elucidating the functions and evolutionary trajectories of genes related to shrimp growth and reproduction. This study systematically reviews the progress in shrimp genomics, focusing on the functional classification, expression characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and selection pressure analyses of growth- and reproduction-related genes. Through case studies of three representative species—Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp), Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp), and Macrobrachium nipponense (oriental river prawn)—the evolutionary features of key genes in terms of function and regulation are analyzed. Furthermore, the roles of gene family expansion, gene duplication and pseudogenes, and transcriptional regulatory elements in genomic functional evolution are summarized. By integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic data, the study reveals adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of shrimp under environmental stressors such as salinity changes, pollution, and pathogens. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding and biological mechanism studies in shrimp.

Genome evolution; Reproductive regulation; Adaptive evolution; Epigenetics; Litopenaeus vannamei